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Ukulondolozwa kweemazi ezaphusileyo
Afrikaans | English
Ixesha lokwaphusa liqalela kula mhla wokugqibela ukwanyisa ukuya kutsho mhla yaphinda yazala imazi. Eli ke lixesha elibaluleke kakhulu kwimazi ezalayo, kuba kaloku lixesha apho kufuneka ithwele itholeelikhula ngokukhawuleza apha esiswini. Kufuneka ke ukuba inkalo yokondliwa kweemazi ingaze ityeshelwe.
Injongo yexesha lokwaphusa kukunika ithuba lokuba kuvuseleleke ezi nyama zivelisa ubisi apha ebeleni. Loo nto ke ithatha iiveki ezimalunga nezintandathu. Xa iimazi zeegusha zithe azalunyulwa zafumana ithuba lokwaphusa elaneleyo, umthamo wobisi ezilunikayo uye uhle nge-30% xa ziphinda zisanyisa. Eli xesha lokwaphusa kwemazi linika nesisu (upensi) esi ithuba lokuzivuselela. Ngeli xesha zaphusileyo iimazi kufuneka imeko yazo ibekwe esweni ingehli. Kufuneka zinikwe ingqwalasela ngakumbi ezo mazi zibonakalisa ubuthathaka.
Isithuba sokumitha kwemazi yenkomo ziinyanga ezilithoba, kwaye kweziya veki zisibhozo zokugqibela phambi kokuba imazi izale ithole apha esiswini likhula ngokukhawuleza okugagazayo. Kubunzima elibubo ngethuba lizalwa ithole i-60% yabo libufumene ngezi veki. Xa imazi isaphusile kufuneka umxhesho ewunikwayo ibe ngonesondlo sokuqinisekisa ukuba eli thole ilithweleyo likhula kakuhle.
Ubude bexesha lokwaphusa
Ixesha lokwaphusa (lokoma) kwemazi kufuneka libe malunga neentsuku ezingama-42 ukuya kwezingama-60. Xa lithe lalifutshane kakhulu eli xesha loo nto ingakuphazamisa ukwehlisa kwemazi xa iphinda isanyisa kanti ke ngokunjalo naxa lithe laba lide kakhulu.
Umhla wokwaphusa
Ukuze umntu akwazi ukuba namanakani omhla wokwaphusa, kufuneka awazi laa mhla kulindeleke ukuba iya kuzala ngawo imazi. Wona ke lo mhla ufumaneka ngokuqalisa kulaa mhla wokusukelwa kwayo, kusakuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ngenene ithathile. Isithuba sokumitha kwemazi siphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-275 ukuya kwezingama-283. Xa ke umntu efuna ukuqikelela umhla wokwaphusa kufuneka athabathe iintsuku ezingamashumi amathandathu kweziya zokuya kutsho kulaa mhla wokuzala.
Indlela yokwaphusisa
Phambi kokuba yaphuse qoko imazi kufuneka kuthotywe umthamo wobisi elunikayo. Izinto ezingumxhesho ongeyongca mayiyeke ukuziphiwa, zinikwe umxhesho wesitroyi (oyingca). Iimazi zaphusiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
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Iimazi ziyaphusiswa ngokuthi ziyekwe ukusengwa. Ukuba ngaba imazi yehlisa kakhulu inike ubisi oluyi-20 kg okanye ngaphezulu, kufuneka isengwe kube kanye qha ngemini kweziya ntsuku zimbini okanye zintathu zokugqibela phambi kokuba yaphuse. Isenokuxheshiswa ngesitroyi ukwenzela ukunciphisa umthamo wobisi elunikayo. Nangona asenokuncitshiswa namanzi ewaselayo, oko akufuneki kwenziwe xa imozulu iyeshushu.
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Ngalaa mhla isengwa okokugqibela kufuneka ukuba imazi igonywe ngento yokubulala iimbewu zezifo esebenza ixesha elide, ngokuthi itofwe apha emilenzeni yomine, ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngeli xesha isaphusileyo imibele ayingenwa ziibhaktheriya ezinokuyenza ibe nesifo samabele, imastitis. Kulaa veki yokuqala zaphusile kufuneka zisoloko zibekwe esweni. Xa imibele yenkomo ibhonxile yaza ayasengwa (ayakhanywa) olo bisi luphinda lufunxwe libele, into ke leyo ethi ikuthibaze kakhulu ukuveliseka kobisi. Isiphumo saloo meko ke kukuba imazi iyaphusa ibe nokukwazi ukuba ingaya kudityaniswe nezinye iimazi ezaphusileyo.
Ukuxheshiswa ngexesha lokwaphusa
Elona xesha ngathi lixesha elinzima kwiimazi ezimithiyo zeziya veki zimbini okanye zintathu ziphambi kokuba imazi zale. Kaloku ngeli xesha indlela osebenza ngayo umzimba lo wayo iyakutshintsha njengokuba uzilungiselela lo mhla wokuzala kwayo noko kwanyisa kuza kulandela emva koko. Iye iphelelwe nangumdla wokutya, into ke leyo eyibangela ukuba itye kancinane, ngakumbi kweziya ntsuku zisondele kakhulu kumhla wokuzala kwayo. Loo nto ke ingenza ukuba ithi emva kokuba izele ihlaselwe zizigulo ezifana nesifo ekuthiwa yiketosis, nesibindi esityebileyo, nenjeke esukileyo endaweni yayo nomgcantsi ongaphumanga.
Lukhona unxulumano olukhulu phakathi kwezinto ezomileyo ezityiwa yimazi phambi kokuba izale, kunye nezo izitya emva kokuba izele. Loo nto ke ithetha ukuthi iimazi ezingabonakalisi mdla wakutya phambi kokuba zizale, ziya kuba njalo nasemva kokuba zizele. Isiphumo saloo nto ke iza kuba kukuba azisayi kwehlisa, kunjalo nje ziza kuba neengxaki ezininzi ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwendlela ezizala ngayo.
Kubalulekile ukuba imeko yemazi ngeli xesha isaphusileyo mayisoloko igcinwe intle. Iimazi ezibhityileyo azikwazi ukuba zizigcinele amandla awaneleyo aya kuthi azenze zibe nobisi oluninzi xa sele zisanyisa, njengoko ukutya ezithi zikutye kunganelanga ukuba kungakwazi ukuzinika amandla ezifanele ukuba nawo. Kanti ke akufuneki nokutyeba kakhulu okwenza imazi ibe namafutha amaninzi, kuba kaloku inkomo etyebe kakhulu itya kancinane, into ke leyo eyenza ukuba umzimba lo wayo uthande ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ibe nazo neengxaki zokuzala.
Kubalulekile ukuba kweziya veki zine ukuya kwezintandathu yaphusile imazi mayinikwe umxhesho ontlakantlaka osemgangathweni kakuhle. Ngeli xesha ke lokwaphusa kweemazi kungazinceda kakhulu ukuxheshiswa ngeendiza zombona, okanye ngengca esikiweyo okanye ngombona osikwe usemncinane okanye ngokutyiswa phaya kwingca yethafa okanye kwiklowuva yasemadlelweni. Mazingazinikwa zibe ninzi kakhulu iindiza zombona ukwenzela ukuba zingasuki zityebe kakhulu. Kufuneka ke nokuba zisoloko zinikwa nento yokukhotha efanelekileyo ehamba nalo mxhesho untlakantlaka ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiminerali nezinto zokukhulisa ziyaqokelelana apha emzimbeni wemazi.
Eziya veki zintathu zokugqibela zexesha lokwaphusa kwemazi zinokusetyenziselwa ukuyiqhelanisa nomxhesho ongeyofuru. Lo mxhesho ke ungaqaliswa ngokuba imazi nganye inikwe ikhilo enye ngemini, uze ke umana ukunyuswa nje kakuhle ube malunga neekhilo ezintathu ngemini kweziya ntsuku zisondele kweziya zokuzala. Kufuneka ke ukuba ngeli xesha inikwe kuphela umxhesho ontlakantlaka oqulathe ipoteziyam esezantsi noko ngokomthamo. Imizekelo efanelekileyo ke yolo hlobo lomxhesho ziindiza zombona kunye nezombona osikwe usemncinane. Umxhesho ontlakantlaka onepoteziyam eninzi ofana nonomadolwana (kikuyu grass) neryegrass wenza ukuba ikhalsiyam ingalungiseki kakuhle apha emzimbeni, into ke leyo eyenza umkhuhlane wobudlezane nokungaphumi komgcantsi.
Njengokuba ibaluleke kakhulu nje imeko yokukhulisa emzimbeni wemazi ngeli xesha lokuzala ekuthinteleni ukubambeka komgcantsi nesifo semibele emva kokuba inkomo izele, isenokuthi itofwe ngovithamin A no-E abanezinc neselenium kwiintsuku ezili-14 phambi kokuba inkomo izale.
CJC Muller
ELSENBURG / Research
