| Information sheets | | | Elsenburg infopaks | | | Unkcenkceshelo: 3 |
Ukulawulwa kokunyakama komhlaba
Afrikaans | English
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Abalimi abaninzi beziqhamo nabediliya abanalwazi tu okanye bangamaqhitala kwakufikwa kwinkalo yokulawulwa kokunyakama komhlaba. Xa kujongisiswa indlela abasebenza ngayo, kufumaniseka ukuba bambalwa kakhulu abalimi abalulandelayo ulawulo lonkcenkceshelo. Kuthi nakwabo bafane banqaphazeke belulandela olu lawulo, kufumaniseke ukuba abazithatheli ngqalelo iimeko neemfuno zezityalo kwakunye nezomhlaba. |
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Ngalo lonke eli xesha lokukhula kwezityalo amanzi akasetyenziswa kakuhle - ekuqaleni kusetyenzisa amanzi amaninzi kakhulu, kuze ke phaya ekugqibeleni kwenziwe kwanjalo, kanti apha phakathi ngeli xesha kanye zikhula ngalo izityalo kusetyenziswa amanzi amancinane kakhulu. |
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Xa kulinywa iziqhamo, ngakumbi idiliya, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ngumgangatho wazo, ngaphezu komthamo wazo. Enye yeendlela zolawulo ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umgangatho weziqhamo uphezulu kwaye nomthamo wazo ukwamkhulu, bubuchule nolwazi ekulawulweni kokunyakama. Injongo yokulawulwa kokunyakama asikokulondolozwa kwamanzi nje, koko ulawulo lokunyakama lujoliswe isikakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi ngendlela enempumelelo nentelekelelo kwakunye nengenazindleko. Iziphumo ezibi zonkcenkcenkceshelo zenziwa isikakhulu zizinto ezimbini, ezizezi: ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithileyo kunye nokungankcenkcesheli ngokwaneleyo. Ezinye zezinto ezizalwa kukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithileyo zezi zilandelayo: ukufumana iziqhamo ezingekho mgangathweni konke; ukunciphiseka kwexesha elihlalwa libhoma okanye isidiliya, into leyo ekhawulezisa ukuguga kwemithi yalo; iingcambu ezingomelelanga okanye ezithandwa zizifo, iziqhamo ezonakala msinyane, ukuba mtyuwa komhlaba nokungabikho kweebhaktheriya kulo mhlaba ungaphantsi. |
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Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithileyo kukwenza nokuba iziniki-sondlo zezityalo zihlambeke zimke namanzi kwaye kukhawulezisa nokukhula kokhula, kananjalo kwenza nokuba iindleko zombane zinyuke kakhulu. Ngaphezulu ubuqhitala ekulawulweni kokunyakama komhlaba kwenza nokuba izityalo zigagaze ukukhula oku kwazo, into ke leyo eyenza ukuba zibe nomngundo, zivuthwe kade nokuvuthwa kade zingachumi ngokwaneleyo. Yonke ke le nto yenza ukuba iziqhamo zibe mbalwa kakhulu kwaye zingabikho mgangathweni okanye ke zibe zininzi kodwa zingabi nayo ngokwaneleyo iswekile, zibe muncu ke ngamanye amazwi, zifunxe nepotashi ngokugqithisileyo, kananjalo nencindi le yazo ibe nehidrojeni egqithisileyo (amanzi amaninzi kakhulu ukutsho oko). |
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Ukuba ibhoma okanye isidiliya asinkcenkceshelwanga ngokwaneleyo imithi iyoma, inganiki ziqhamo ngokwaneleyo, isuke ke ekugqibeleni ife.Elona cebo liyinkunzi kulawulo lokunyakama komhlaba olunempumelelo leli lithi: "Nkcenkceshela, uze ke ukhe ulinde". Imbangi yokuba kube njalo kukuba kwizityalo ezimila isigxina umthamo weengcambu unenxaxheba enkulu kakhulu. Ubunzima bomthi ongaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka bulingane nobalo mthi ungaphezulu komhlaba. Ukuze ke yenzeke loo nto kufuneka kukhuthazwe ukukhula kweengcambu, ngakumbi ezi ngcanjana zincinane. Loo nto ke yenziwa ngokuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuba phaya ezingcanjini, kubunzulu obufanelekileyo, kukhona ukunyakama, ikhona ioksijeni neziniki-sondlo zezityalo zikhona. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba umlimi alazi ixesha lokunkcenkceshela, azi nokuba kufuneka enkcenkceshele kangakanani na. |
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Indlela okwazi ngayo umhlaba ukuwagcina amanzi yiyo ekubonwa ngayo ukuba ngaba loo mhlaba kufuneka unkcenkceshelwe kangakanani na. Indlela okwazi ngayo umhlaba ukugcina amanzi ixhomekeke ekubeni ingakanani na ipesenti yodongwe kuwo, ingakanani eyoyintlenge, ingakanani eyentlabathi, ingakanani eyohlalutye neyezinye izinto eziqinileyo, nasekubeni umhlaba lo uluhlobo luni na, kwaye ungenwa kangakanani na ngumoya, nokuba uqine kangakanani na, kwanasekubeni ukwazi kangakanani na ukuhlanganisana.
Kukwabalulekile nokuba kwaziwe ukuba ubunzulu beengcambu buya kuba ngakanani na xa kujongwa umthamo wonkcenkceshelo olufunekayo nolufanelekileyo. Ubunzulu beengcambu bunokuthi bubonakaliswe ngokwenza umngxuma ongumboniso oya kuthi ububonakalise ubunzulu obuya kufikelelwa ziingcambu. Akukwazeki ukuba umntu awazi umthamo wamanzi aya kufunxwa sisityalo ngesithuba esithile. Ukuze umntu akwazi ukuwubala lo mthamo kufuneka ukuba abe neenkcukacha zokutsha kwamanzi kwanezinye ezinxulumene nesityalo eso. |
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Isantya owanikwa ngaso umhlaba amanzi yimitshini yokunkcenkceshela sinayo indlela yaso esinokubalwa ngayo. Kambe ke, ukuba ngaba le ndlela yolawulo lokunyakama komhlaba isetyenziswayo yedibanisa nokubalwa komthamo wokunyakama komhlaba, loo nto iye yenze ukuba kungabikho mathandabuzo ngawo. |
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Xa kumetwa amaqondo okunyakama komhlaba kungasetyenziswa izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, isixhobo sokumeta ekuthiwa yi-tensiometer kunye nesinye ekuthiwa
yi-Diviner 2000. Qho ngeveki kunokwenziwa igrafu ngokuthi yonke imihla kumana kubhalwa amaqondo aboniswa yi-tensiometer. Ngokusebenzisa ezi nkcukacha umlimi angakwazi ke ukuba afumane amanakani nezikhokelo zokuba ngaba kufuneka unkcenkceshelo olungakanani na, nokuba kufuneka lwenziwe nini na.
Njengokuba i-tensiometer yona ibekwa kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, umzekelo obe-30 cm, obe-60 cm nobe-90 cm xa kumetwa ukunyakama komhlaba, iDiviner yona imeta ukunyakama komhlaba (ngokwepesenti) kwisithuba sobunzulu ngasinye esiyi-10 cm. Iziphumo zokumetwa kokunyakama komhlaba kufuneka umntu azifake kwikhompuyutha yakhe, apho ke ziya kuthi zibonakaliswe ngokwegrafu. Ukwenza oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyakama komhlaba kulawulwa ngendlela efanelekileyo nechanekileyo. Kucetyiswa ke ukuba i-tensiometer okanye nayiphi na enye into esisixhobo sokumeta ukunyakama komhlaba, isetyenziswe kwisithuba seehektare ezilishumi. IDiviner yona inokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo xa umhlaba ingumhlaba omkhulu kakhulu, kuba yona iyakwazi ukuthatha imihlaba emikhulu, nokuba ingade ifike kuma-99. |
CPJ de Jager
ELSENBURG / WORCESTER extension
