home about contact us news
Information sheets   |   Elsenburg infopaks   |   Ezemitshini: 6

Iingcingo zokubiya Afrikaans | English

Click to enlarge!		 Obona buncinane bufunekayo kwiingcingo zokubiyela iindidi ngeendidi zezilwanyana zemfuyo bume ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ucingo lokubiyela imfuyo enkulu

  • Ubuncinane malube nomphakamo oyi-1200 mm
  • Inani lemicwe yocingo liyahlukana ukusuka kwemihlanu ukuya kwesibhozo

Click to enlarge!		 Ucingo lokubiyela impahla emfutshane

a) Iigusha kuphela

  • Ubuncinane ucingo malube nomphakamo oyi-1050 mm
  • Inani lemicwe yocingo liyahlukana ukusuka kwemihlanu ukuya 
    kwesixhenxe

b) Impahla emfutshane exubeneyo (iigusha neeseyibhokhwe)

  • Ubuncinane malube nomphakamo oyi-1050 mm
  • Inani lemicwe yocingo liyahlukana ukusuka kwesixhenxe ukuya kwelithoba

Click to enlarge!		 Ucingo lwemfuyo exube enkulu nemfutshane
  • Ubuncinane ucingo malube nomphakamo oyi-1200 mm
  • Inani lemicwe liyahlukana ukusuka kwemithandathu ukuya kwelishumi.

Xa kubiyelwa imfuyo enkulu okanye emfutshane exubeneyo okanye emfutshane exubene enkulu imicwe yocingo eziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ingadityaniswa, olu lunameva nolu lungenameva ludla ngokubiza ngokuba yistalidrati.

Click to enlarge!		 Ucingo lokubiyela izilwanyana zasendle

Xa kuthethwa ngocingo lokubiyela izilwanyana zasendle, ezi zilwanyana ziye zahlulwe zibe ziindindi ezintathu:

  • Udidi lokuqala lubandakanya amaqhude, iimpofu, iimpala, amaxhama neenyathi. Ezi ke izilwanyana zifuna ucingo olunomphakamo oziimitha ezi-2,4 nemicwe engamashumi amabini ananye.
  • Udidi lwesibini lubandakanya iirhwemsbhokhwe (gazelles), iinqu, iimpunzi namaqwarhashe. Kwezi ke kufuneka umphakamo wocingo ube yi-1,8m, ize imicwe yona ibe lishumi elinesithathu (13).

Xa kufakelwa isefu kucingo lokubiyela izilwanyana zasendle, isefu leyo kufuneka ibe li-1200 mm ububanzi, kwaye kufuneka ibethelelwe apha emhlabeni.

Click to enlarge!		 Ucingo olunesefu lokwahlula iinkampu

Thatha le nkcazo ilandelayo uyisebenzise njengomzekelo osisikhokelo onokusilandela. Ucingo olunomphakamo oyi-1200 mm lufuna oku kulandelayo: isefu eyi-900 mm ububanzi; imicwe yocingo emithathu eyenzelwe ukuba isefu ibambelele kuyo; imicwe yocingo emibini apha entla kwesefu; ukuba ngaba isefu ibethelelwe emhlabeni imicwe yocingo emibini apha entla kwayo.

Click to enlarge!		 Ucingo loodyakalashe

Umphakamo wolu cingo ubuncinane kufuneka ube yi-1350 mm, kwaye ke wona umphakamo wesefu ukusuka emhlabeni kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane ube yi-750 mm. Isefu kufuneka ibotshelelwe kulaa mcwe wocingo wokuqala. Apha phantsi kwalo mcwe wocingo wokuqala kufuneka kubekwe amatye ukwenzela ukunqanda ukuba olu cingo kunye nesefu zingathi nca emhlabeni apho zinokukhawuleza zityiwe ngumhlwa.

Ububanzi besefu kunokuba bhetele xa bunokuba yi-1200 nakubeni nobuyi-900 mm bukwalungile nabo. Xa ububanzi buyi-1200 mm, kufuneka ibe mine imicwe yocingo ebambelele kulo isefu, kuze ke kubekho imicwe yocingo emithathu apha entla kwesefu. Le micwe yocingo ilapha entla kwesefu kunokuba bhetele xa iyeyocingo olunameva. Isithuba phakathi kwale micwe yocingo ilapha entla kwesefu kufuneka singabi ngaphezulu kwe-100 mm. Kambe ke isithuba esiyi-75mm sesona sibhetele.

Click to enlarge!		 Ucingo oluphothiweyo

Imiqathango yeepali zokubophelela ucingo kunye neyeepali zee-ankile neyeepali zeeheke iyafana nje kucingo lokubiya. Akukho mfuneko yokuba kufakwe iipalana zaphakathi ekuvame ukuthiwa ziidropha. Isithuba phakathi kweepali zocingo olubiyele imfuyo kufuneka sibe yi-16 m, kanti ke kalubiyele izilwanyana zasendle kufuneka sibe yi-10 m. Xa kufakwe ucingo oseluphothiwe akukho mfuneko yokuba kufakwe imicwe yocingo yokulubamba. Olu hlobo locingo lusenokusetyenziswa ekubiyeleni imfuyo. Kambe ke olu cingo alukwazi ukubathintela oodyakalashe.

Click to enlarge!		 Izinto zokubiya

a) Iipali ezinkulu zokubophela, ezee-ankile nezeeheke

  • Apho zithengiswa khona iipali ezinkulu zokubophela, ezee-ankile nezeeheke kuyaxelwa ukuba kufuneka imingxuma yokuzifaka ibe ngakanani na, ubuncinane. Kucingo lokubiyela imfuyo isithuba phakathi kweepali akufuneki sibe ngaphezulu kwe-500 m ubude, kanti ke kucingo lokubiyela izilwanyana zasendle akufuneki ukuba isithuba phakathi kweepali sibe ngaphezulu kwe-300 m. Zonke iipali zeeheke kufuneka zenzelwe ii-ankile ezifanelekileyo. Kufuneka ukuba kwelinye icala kuxhaswe ngepali enkulu yokubophela ize ke ibotshwe iqine ngocingo lokubiya olujikeliswe kabini.
  • Iipali zomthi: Iipali zomthi kufuneka zibe nophawu lwakwa-SABS, kwaye apha kweli cala lincinane mazibe yi-120 mm.
  • Iipali zentsimbi: Kwicala elineepali zentsimbi ezinokumila kweentsimbi zesiporo kufuneka ubunzima bepali nganye bube yi-10kg/m. Iipali zentsimbi ezingoophayiphu zona kufuneka zingabi 
    ngaphantsi kwe-100 mm ubukhulu, kanti ke inkqu-ntsimbi le yona kufuneka ubudeki obu bayo bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-3,65 mm, ize ke phaya emazantsi ibe nesihlalo sentsimbi esiyi-300 mm x 300 mm x 3 mm; kanti ke phaya phezulu kufuneka ibe nesivalo sentsimbi. Kambe ke njengokuba inobuholo-holo bephayiphu nje, isenokuzaliswa ngekhonkrithi, kuze ke xa kwenziwe njalo ingabikho iimfuneko yesi sivalo sentsimbi.

b) Iipali zocingo

  • Apho zithengiswa khona iipali zocingo kuyaxelwa ukuba imingxuma yokuzifaka kufuneka ibe ngakanani na, ubuncinane. Isithuba phakathi kweepali zocingo olubiyele imfuyo kufuneka singabi ngaphezulu kwe-20 m, kanti ke kolubiyele izilwanyana zasendle kufuneka singabi ngaphezulu kwe-16 m.
  • Iipali zocingo zomthi: Kwezisetyenziswa ekubiyeleni imfuyo kufuneka ukuba ubukhulu bepali yocingo yomthi ubuncinane bube yi-70 mm phaya kweliya cala lincinane. Kambe ke obuyi-75 mm ukuya kobuyi-100 mm bobona kucetyiswa ngabo. Ubukhulu bepali yocingo yomthi esetyenziswa ekubiyeleni izilwanyana zasendle kufuneka bube yi-75 mm zasendle ubuncinane, kanti ke obuyi-100 mm bobona kucetyiswa ngabo.
  • Iipali zocingo zentsimbi: Iipali zentsimbi ekucetyiswa ukuba zingasetyenziswa zezi zifana nonobumba u-Y 
    phaya phezulu, zibe yi-2,5 kg/m ubunzima bazo, okanye ezi zifana nonobumba u-
    I zibe yi-3 kg ubunzima bazo. Xa kusetyenziswe ezi zifana no-Y kucingo 
    lokubiyela izilwanyana zasendle, kufuneka ukuba kwipali yesihlanu nganye 
    ixhaswe ngophayiphu oyi-50 mm ubukhulu ngokwedayametha.
  • Iipali zocingo ze-aluminiyam: Ubukhulu bepali nganye kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-70 mm.

c) Iidropha

  • Ubude bedropha kufuneka bulingane nomphakamo wocingo. Phakathi kweepali zocingo kufuneka kufakwe iidropha zibe ne, ubuncinane. Kucingo olubiyele imfuyo kufuneka ukuba isithuba phakathi kweedropha sibe yi-4 m, ukuze kolubiyele izilwanyana zasendle sibe yi-3 m.
  • Iidropha zomthi: Iidropha zomthi eziditshiweyo zanophawu lwakwa-SABS zezona kucetyiswa ngazo. Ubukhulu bazo kweliya cala lincinane kufuneka bube yi-30 mm, ubuncinane.
  • Iidropha zentsimbi: Olona hlobo kucetyiswa ngalo lolu kuthiwa yi-ridgeback okanye olu luyi-CG. Kucingo olubiyele izilwanyana zasendle iidropha zentsimbi ezimbini okanye ezomthi zingaxonyezelelwa zibe yipali enye, oko kusenziwa ngokuzibophelela kulo mcwe okanye le micwe yocingo iphakathi apho ziphanjaniswa khona.
  • Iidropha zocingo ezikhuselwe umhlwa (Galvanised wire droppers): Ekucetyiswa ukuba mazisetyenziswe zezi zenziwe ngokuphothanisa iingcingo ezimbini ezifakwe kwisinyithi sokuthintela umhlwa eziyi-4 mm okanye i-3,15 mm, size ke isithuba phakathi kwazo singabi ngaphezulu kwe-4 m. Kanti ke enye indlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo kukuba kusetyenziswe ezingumcwe omnye, ezingaphothwanga, koko zona zinikane isithuba se-2 m phakathi kwazo.
  • Iidropha ze-aluminiyam: Ekucetyiswa ngazo zezi zenziwe ngokuphothanisa iingcingo ezimbini eziyi-4,5 mm okanye i-4,06 mm, size ke isithuba phakathi kwazo singabi ngaphezulu kwe-4 m.

d) Ucingo lokubopha

  • Ekucetyiswa ukuba malusetyenziswe lolu luthambileyo lufakwe esinyithini sokuthintela umhlwa, lungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1,6 mm ubudeki balo.

e) Ucingo lwe-ankile

  • Ekucetyiswa ukuba malusetyenziswe lolu luthambileyo lufakwe esinyithini sokuthintela umhlwa lube yi-3,15 mm, ubuncinane, okanye ucingo lwe-aluminiyam lube yi-3,1 mm, ubuncinane.

f) Isefu ekhuselwe umhlwa

  • Imingxuma kule sefu kufuneka ibe yi-75 mm ukuya kwi-90 mm, kwaye ke ubudeki bocingo lwesefu lona kufuneka lungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1,8 mm.

g) Ucingo lokubiya

  • Ucingo lokubiya lusenokuba lolu lunameva okanye olu lungenawo okanye zisenokuxutywa ezi ntlobo zocingo. Laa mcwe wocingo uphezulu nalowa usezantsi kufuneka ibe yeyocingo olomelele kakhulu, ubudeki balo bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2,24 mm okanye obuyi-2 mm x 2,6 mm.
  • Kucingo olubiyele izilwanyana zasendle isithuba phakathi kwemicwe yonke ukuqalela kosezantsi ukuya kutsho kophezulu kufuneka sibe yi-114 mm. Kucingo olwenzelwe ukuthintela oodyakalashe izithuba phakathi kwemicwe elapha entla kwesefu kufuneka zime ngolu hlobo: ukuba ngaba umphakamo wesefu yi-750 mm ukuya kwi-1050 mm, isithuba masibe yi-75mm; ukuba ngaba umphakamo wesefu ungaphezulu kwe-1050, isithuba masibe yi-75 mm ukuya kwi-100 mm.

A Erasmus
ELSENBURG / GRAAFF-REINET, soil conservation