| Information sheets | | | Elsenburg infopaks | | | Izityalo, imifuno: 9 |
Ukuveliswa kwembewu yeekherothi (yeminqathe)
Afrikaans | English
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Iikherothi okanye iminqathe zezinye zezilimo eziveliseka lula kakhulu nekungenazindleko zingako ukuzivelisa. Ikherothi sisilimo esithanda izulu elipholileyo, kwaye kunjalo iyakwazi ukumelana neengqele zasebusika neeqabaka zayo. Ebusika isityalo sayo siyacotha noko ukukhula; asikwazi ukukhawuleza njengaxa kusentwasahlobo okanye kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni. Kanti ke kwelinye icalaikherothi iyakwazi nokumelana nobushushu obuninzi, into ke leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukulimeka nangeliphi na ixesha lonyaka apha eMzantsi Afrika.
Iimfuneko zomhlaba Iikherothi ziqhuba kakuhle kakhulu xa umhlaba uhliwe kakhulu xa ulinywa, ube ungumhlaba onquphu-nquphu obambe buntlabathi okanye obambe kuba ne-asidi nje kancinane. Kwimihlaba etyebe kakhulu ngumbolo wezityalo iikherothi zidla ngokukhula ziqhame kakhulu ngamagqabi, zize ke zona iingcambu zithande ukwahluka kubini zenze amaxabo. Kufuneka zingalinywa kumhlaba omtyuwa. Kucetyiswa ukuba kwihektare nganye makugalelwe umxube wesichumiso esiyi-1 000 kg (2:3:4)(24) phambi kokuba kutyalwe. Kwisithuba seeveki ezisibhozo emva kokuba kutyaliwe kufuneka ukuba ihektare nganye igalelwe apha ngaphezulu i-100 kg ukuya kwi-200 kg yelimestone ammonium nitrate. Akucetyiswa ukuba mazichunyiselwe ngomgquba wesivundiso okanye ngomgquba wasebuhlanti. Iikherothi azidibani nomhlaba ongenabhoroni (boron) ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kwindawo apho kwaziwayo ukuba ibhoroni inqongophele, kuyafuneka ukuba igalelwe, kuba ke kakade iikherothi ziyakwazi ukumelana nayo ibhoroni nokuba sele ingakanani na apha emhlabeni. |
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Iindlela zokuzilima
Imbewu yeekherothi ifakwa ngqo emhlabeni. Umhlaba kuyafuneka ulungiswe kakuhle, ulingane kunjalo nje ucoleke. Xa zinokuthi zingekantshuli kunkcenkceshelwe ngamanzi azibalekelayo, loo nto ingenza ukuba umhlaba ube nokhoko, into ke le eyenza ukuba izithole zingaqini kakuhle apha emhlabeni. Kubalulekile ukuba izilimo zimane ukutshintshwa ukwenzela ukuthintela izifo. Iikherothi zilunga kakhulu apho zimana zibolekisana nezinye izilimo ezifana namakhaphetshu, iikholiflawa, iilethasi neetumato ngokulinywa. Amaxesha okutyala Xa kusenzelwa ukuvelisa imbewu elona xesha lifanelekileyo kuphakathi kukaFebhuwari noMatshi. Kufuneka ukuba kwihektare nganye kutyalwe malunga ne-4 kg yembewu. Kuba bhetele xa iikherothi zithe zatyalwa ngemiqolo endaweni yokuba zihlwayelwe impama nje, kuba loo nto yenza kube lula ukuzihlakulela. Kwezi nyanga zishushu kakhulu zasehlotyeni inkulu kakhulu ilahleko enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa yokubuna kwezithole. Iimfuneko zamanzi Ukunyakama okukhoyo emhlabeni kuko okuthi kube nefuthe kwindlela ezimile ngayo iikherothi nakumbala wazo. Xa ngaba kukho ukunqongophala komnyakamo womhlaba iikherothi ziye zithande ukuba nde. Kanti ke xa umhlaba umanzi kakhulu iikherothi ziye zithande ukuba zizinyhadavana ezideki ezitsho ngombala obukhanya. Kanti ke esona sikhokelo sifanelekileyo sisesona sivunyiweyo sesokuba iikherothi kufuneka zifumene amanzi amalunga ne-25 mm ngeveki. Kwiindawo apho kushushu, komileyo nama-50 mm amanzi angafaneleka. |
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Uvuvuzelo nokuvunwa
Iikherothi zizityalo ezivuvuzelelanayo, kwaye iintyatyambo zazo zihlalwa zizinambuzane ezininzi kunene. Iinyosi, oonomeva, iindidi ngeendidi zamabhungane kwakunye nezamabhabhathane ziyakholisa ukubonakala zihleli kuzo ezi ntyatyambo zeekherothi. Xa imbewu sele ikulungele ukuba ingavunwa, kwaye ingekho naninzi kangako, kufuneka ukuba le midumba yembewu esele ivuthiwe isikwe, ize ke ithiwe thaca, thaca emgangathweni wesamente okanye ezinkini, ize koma. |
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Xa izityalo ezi sele zome ngokwaneleyo kufuneka ukuba kususwe eli cala lingasengcanjini, zize ke iintloko ezi zifakwe kumatshini wokubhula. Kanti ke imbewu iyabhulwa nangokuyinyathelisa ngetrektala kumgangatho wesamente. Emva koko ke le mbewu iyeliwa ngokupheleleyo, phambi kokuba ke ithunyelwe kubathengisi beembewu.
Umyinge wesivuno sembewu esihle esingama-600 kg ukuya kuma-800 kg kwihektare nganye. Loo nto ke phofu ixhomekeka kuhlobo lwembewu. Iimbewu ezifana neCape Market neChantenay ziba nezityalo ezomeleleyo neziqhamileyo, kwaye zinika ngaphezulu kwezinye iimbewu ezifana neNantes, umzekelo. Esona sifo sixhaphake kakhulu ezikherothini zizihumba ezifana ne-Altemaria, nesebhaktheriya nokubola kweengcambu okwenziwa ngumvundo. Ezona zinambuzane zitshabalalisayo zixhaphakileyo ezikherothini ziintwala zezityalo, nesigcawu esibomvu, namanyiki apha kwimidumba yeembewu kwakunye nempukane emhlophe. |
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