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Ikhaphetshu
Afrikaans | English
Ikapetshu likhula kakuhle kwimozulu epholileyo, kodwa noko kunjalo, zikhona iindidi zekhaphetshu ezikhula kwezi nyanga zishushu enyakeni. Kwiindawo ezipholileyo zomzantsi afrika, apho kubakho iqabaka ngenyanga zokuqala nezokugqibela ebusika iindidi ezidla ngokuxhathisa yi Glory of Enkhuizen, Cape Spits, Green Coronet ne Gloria. Ezindidi zilungele ukulinywa ukususela kwinyanga ka January ukuya kwinyanga ka March ne Green Star ne Bonanza ukusukela ku August ukuya ku January.
Kwizithili ezishushu zeli, apho kungabikho khephu, nazi iindidi zekhaphetshu Glory of Enkhuizen, Kaapse Spits, Green Coronet ne Gloria ukususela ngoMarch ukuya ku May ne Green Star ne Bonanza ukususela ku January ukuya ku December.
Ikhaphetshu likhula kakuhle kakhulu xa izithole ziqale zakhuliswa kwiseedbed zadula emva koko zalinywa emhlabeni. Ungazikhulisela ngokwakho izithole kwiseedbed okanye usenokuthenga kwindawo ekuthiwa yi nursery apho zikhuliswa zithengiswe. Khumbula ukuba izithole zekhaphetshu zilungela ukufakwa emhlabeni emva kweeveki ezintlanu ukuya kwezintandathu. Umzekelo ukuba ufuna ukutyala emhlabeni ngo February kufuneka uqalise iseedbed yakho phakathi kuDecember.
Ikhaphetshu likhula kakhulu kumhlaba ovulekileyo onamanzi akhawuleza ehle angami ndawonye phezu komhlaba. Lento ithetha ukuba naxa unkcenkceshela, qaphela ukuba amanzi angemi isidala engatshoni phantsi komhlaba. Ukuba ikhona ingxaki yokuma kwamanzi, kwakufuneka kugalelwe isivundiso idityaniswe nomhlaba. Umhlaba ongenzulwanga, okanye onamatye, okanye onodongwe okanye one kalika eninzi edala ukuba amanzi angehli, akufuneki lilinywe ikhaphetshu kuwo.
Ikhaphetshu litsala izimbiwa ezininzi emhlabeni xa likhula. Umlimi unika isityalo izimbiwa ngokuthi ahlanganise isivundiso kunye nezichumisi zentengo eziveliswa e factory. Ikhaphetshu lifuna izinto ezininzi ezisuka kuphila emhlabeni zaze zabola njengamathambo, nemifuno eyafayo yaze yabolela kulondawo yayime kuyo. Ukuba ulungisa iseedbed yakho uyayipeta, ungafakela i4.4kg okanye 8.8pounds okanye uthathe itoti ye 5 litre egcwele sisivundiso usigalele kwisquare metre nganye yomhlaba.
Qaphela ukuba xa kuthethwa nge square metre, kuthethwa ngendawo elingana nemihlalo emine edityaniswe yenziwa isquare.
Isivundiso okanye umgquba aziniki zimbiwa ezoneleyo esityalweni se khaphetshu. Isityalo sidinga initrogen (N), iphosphate (P), ne potassium (K). Icebo elingcono xa umntu ezakulima lelokuba aqale awuxilongise umhlaba ngeengcali ukwenzela ukuba kwazeke ukuba zingakanani izimbiwa ezincedisana nokukhula kwesityalo ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Khumbula izimbiwa ezingapha kwemfuneko ziyakuzitshisa izityalo, kanti izimbiwa ezingonelisiyo iimfuno zezityalo zidala ukuba izityalo zikhule zibuthathaka.
Ukuba umhlaba awuzange uxilongwe ziingcali, kungongezwa isichumisi kanga:
Ngexesha lokutyala: 75g (2,6 ounces) okanye ikomityi egcweleyo ye 2:3:4 (30) kwi square metre nganye.
Esisichumisi ngumxube we nitrogen, iphosphate kunye ne potassium. Ithetha ukuba loonto udibanisa iintlobo ezintathu zezimbiwa ngexesha elinye. Kufuneka ukutya kwezityalo kufakwe emhlabeni kuse kude ukuba kulinywe.
Emva kweveki ezine kulinyiwe, nasi isichumisi esinokongezwa emhlabeni:
25 g (0,8 ounces) okanye 5 teaspoons ze ammonium sulphate kwi square metre nganye, okanye
20 g (0,7 ounces) okanye iitispuni zibe ne ze Lime Ammonium Nitrate kwi square metre nganye.
Xa ikhaphetshu liqala ukwenza amagqabi kwakufuneka kongezwe kanga:
25 g (0,8) okanye iitispuni ezintlanu ze ammonium sulphate kwi square metre nganye, okanye
20 g (0,7) okanye iitispuni ezine ze Lime Ammonium Nitrte (LAN) kwi square metre nganye.
Lumkela ukuba isichumisi sichithakale phezu kwesithole ngokuba sisenokusitshisa isithole. Khawuleza unkcenkceshele xa ugqiba kugalela isichumisi ukwenzela ukuba sihle singene ngaphantsi emhlabeni.
Phambi kokuba kutyalwe ikhaphetshu, kufuneka umhlaba uguqulwe ngomhlakulo, kususwe amatye, ukhula, amagada omileyo, umhlaba kufuneka ulingane kungabikho ndawo zinyukayo nezihlayo.
Ikhaphetsu lityalwa emiqolweni likhutshwa kwiseedbox lifakwe emhlabeni. Apha emqolweni izithole kufuneka zihlulwe ngomgama oyi40 cm okanye 16 inches okanye umlinganiselo singathi kangange zandla ezimbini ezivuliweyo. Imiqolo yona yohlulwa omnye komnye kangange 60 cm okanye 24 inches okanye umgama ongangezandla ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo.
Ikhaphetshu xa ukupha izitholana zakho uzifaka emhlabeni ikholwa ukuba ithi kanti umhlaba ufumile umanzisiwe kuqala. Ukuba izithole zakho bezikwi seedbed, kufuneka ulumke xa uzikhupha emhlabeni ulumkele ukuqhawula iingcambu ngelithuba uzifaka entsimini. Khetha izithole ezifutshane, ezityebileyo, eziphilileyo xa zisuswa kwi seedbed zisiya entsimini. Emva kokuba ugqiba kuzikhupha izithole phambi kokuba uyokuzifaka kwenye indawo kufuneka zithandelwe ngelaphu elifumileyo ukwenzela ukuba zingomi zibe buthathaka.
Tyala okungcono ngosuku olupholileyo,olunamafu okanye ulinde kube semalanga ilanga libengathi liyatshona. Umhlaba esifakwa kuwo isithole sekhaphetshu kufuneka ubemanzi kwaye apha ecaleni kwesithole kufuneka ugangathwe.
Izithole kufuneka kungapheli nomzuzu zingawafumananga amanzi emva kokutyalwa emhlabeni. Ukuba ungabeka ingca, okanye amagqabi okanye istraw, phakathi kwezityalo, zakuhlala zimanzi ithuba elide kwaye ukhula mancinci amathuba okuba lukhule xa lungafumani ilanga.
Ukuba umhlaba uyekwe woma kakhulu waze wandula ukugalelwa amanzi iintloko zamakhaphetshu ezi zithwala amagqabi atyiwayo zisenokugqabhuka. Kwiimeko ezipholileyo unga nkcenkceshela kanye ngeveki. Xa kushushu kusenoku nkcenkceshelwa kabini okanye kathathu ngeveki.
Ikhaphetshu livunwa xa intloko le ithwala amagqabi iqinileyo.
Zine (4) iintlobo zezinambuzane ezihlasela isityalo sekhaphetshu ngelixesha ikhula entsimini. Zezi ntlobo:
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American Bollwurm
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Plant lice
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Diamond backed moth
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Bagrada bug
I american bollwurm ne diamond backed moth zitya amagqabi ekhaphetshu abenemingxuma. Iplant lice zifunxa amanzi esityalweni sekhaphetshu amagqabi aba tyheli ajijeke. Ibagrada bug nayo itya amagqabi.
Ukuba unengxaki malunga nezizinambuzane okanye nasiphi esinye isifo samakhaphetshu othe wasiqaphela ezityalweni zakho ungaqhakamshelana nomcebisi wezolimo wesithili sakho. Umcebisi wezolimo uyakukuchazela ngamayeza ekutshizwa ngawo ukukhusela izityalo zingangenwa sisifo okanye izinambuzane.
M Jordaan
ELSENBURG / Ifama yophando nzulu yase
CRADOCK
