| Information sheets | | | Elsenburg infopaks | | | Imithi: 5 |
I prosopis
Afrikaans | English
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Umntu okhenketha e Great Karoo nendawo ezithile e Northern Cape udla ngokuthi akubona lomthi kuthiwa yi
prosopis okanye i Mosquito tree abenovuyo. Lomthi utsho ngamagqatyana aphume wodwa nezingxobo ezithwele imbewu, uyakwazi ukukhula uyokutsho kubude obungange 25 ye metre, ntoleyo eyenza ukuba apho ukhoyo kudaleke umthunzi onceda uluntu kwakunye nesilwanyana.
Uhlobo odalwe ngalo lomthi noluphawu lawo lokukwazi ukukhula phantsi kwemozulu enzima kwezinye izityalo, idibene nalento yokuba uthwele i protein eninzi embewini yawo ethi ibeluncedo ngamaxesha esomiso, kwaye kwenza ukuba ngeminyaka yoo 1950 ibe ngowona mthi ukhethiweyo ziingcali kwezolimo ukuba mawulinywe ngamafama. |
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Lomthi i Prosopis imveli yawo, usuka kumacala aseNtshonalanga kwaye omileyo e Melika, i Mexico kwakunye ne Chili. Uye wangeniswa e Mzantsi Afrika apho ufike wazinza khona. Kwezintlobo zininzi ze Prosopis namaveza ndlebe wawo lomthi kuye kwagunya iintlobo ezimbini ekuthiwa yi Honey prosopis ne Velvet prosopis.Le mithana imincinane imbala utyheli idla ngokuthwalwa ngamasebe womthi i Prosopis ibe zizi hlahlana ezidibeneyo okomdiliya kwaye zikhangeleka okwe minwe yomntu.
IiLegume zakhona ziyashiyashiyana ngokwemibala ezinye zibatyheli ezinye ziba yellow/brown uyakufika ezinye zigoso kanti ezinye zima ngqo.Njengokuba amaqokobhe embewu ekhula, aye athande ukuqina abengathi azakuba ziinkuni, kodwa akadli ngokugqabhuka kuzo bakho imbewu eninzi nanjengoba kulindelekile. |
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Apho lomthi uqala ubambelele khona idla ngokuba sezindaweni ezinamanzi amaninzi, yiyo lento siyakuqaphela ukuba ixesha elininzi lomthi i Prosopis uye uqale ukubambelela emanxwemeni emilambo, endaweni ezidla nokuba namaninzi amileyo, endaweni ezinezikhukhula zamanzi nasecaleni kweendawo ekusela imfuyo, uye usuke apho ngokukhawuleza okukhulu uyokutsho kwiindawo ezilelele emazantsi, |
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umhlaba ophangaleleyo ude uyokufumaneka nakwii ndawo eziphakamileyo, ezinamatye. |
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Xa umthi iProsopis ukhula phantsi kweemeko eziwulungeleyo, uyazithwala iimbewana ezifikelele
kwi1,000,000 ngonyaka. Iigusha kwakunye nezilwanyana zasendle ziye ziyitye lembewu noxa zingakwazi ukuyisila esuswini. Kuthi ke ngeliya thuba isilwanyana sizama ukusila imbewu ye Prosopis, imbewu idubule ingeka khutshwa ngasemva sisilwanyana ingumgquba. Imbewu iyayilala iminyaka elishumi ingakhanga yadubula kodwa ukhe yaphakathi komgqhuba okhutshwe sisilwanyana inamathuba amaninzi okukhula.
Umthi i Prosopis uphinda uhanjiswe ngamanzi adlulayo, lamanzi adla ngokuthatha imbewu yomthi ayokuyibeka kude nendawo afike amanzi imbewu ilele kuyo. I Prosopis iyakwazi nokukhula ngaphandle kokuba kuntshule imbewu, lento yezeka ngokuthi i setyana okanye ezindawo zingathi ngamaqhakuva emthini ziwe phantsi zikhule phantsi komhlaba zingehlanga kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthi kwakufa amagqabi omthi angaphezu komhlaba kuphume amasebe kweziya ndawo zidla ngokuntshula. |
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Umthi Iprosopis awunazintshaba zendalo eMzantsi Afrika ezifana nezinambuzane okanye izifo zezityalo kwaye nangenxa yokomelela kwawo uyaphila naxa iimvula zingani, ibe kuyi meko yonxunguphalo kwezinye izityalo. Umthi i Prosopis kangangendlela owomelele ngayo, uyakhula kwiindawo ezinomhlaba ogcwele ityiwa oye ungazilungeli kwaphela ezinye iintlobo zezityalo uphinde lomhlaba ubrak ungawulungeli kwaphela umsebenzi wezolimo. Ezimpawu zinqabileyo zokomelela komthi iProsopis zawenza ukuba lomthi ube ngomnye wemithi embalwa ekhula ngaphandle koku nkcenkceshelwa, kwaye ekhula emanzini angakulungelanga ukuba kungatyalwa ezinye iintlobo zezityalo uze ukhuphe imbewu eninzi ene Nitrogen kwakunye
nenkuni zokubasa.
Kuthe ke ngeminyaka yoo 1960, zothuka iingcali zamadlelo xa zisenza uphando, ukufumana ukuba umthi i Prosopis ukhule wanda ngendlela eyothusayo, waze wathi umthi ubu thandwa wabhaliswa ezincwadini zomthetho njengesityalo esingafunekiyo ema sitshitshiswe. Wonke ubani ome emhlabeni weli lizwe kufuneka ayazi i Prosopis ubungozi bayo anike intsebenziswano yakhe ekuwulweni lomthi ungumhlaseli ukuba mawuphume uphele kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika. Kwesinye isithili e Great Karoo kwathi xa kusenzwa uphando kwafumaneka ukuba lomthi i Prosopis wande kanga ngama persenti angamakhulu amane, kwithutyana nje elingange minyaka elishumi elinesixhenxhe. Iziphumo zalo nto yokwanda kwalo mthi ibe zizixeko ezigcwele zashinyana ngumthi we Prosopis ongenazimbewu zithwele i Nitrogen, kwaze kwalandela ngokuthi kubekho indawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ekungekho kwanto ekhulayo. Yiyo lento kuye kwabakho umthetho owazisa i Prosopis nje ngesityalo esingafunekiyo E mzantsi Afrika, loomthetho ubizwa ukuba ngumthetho wolondolozo lomhlaba nazo zonke izinto ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, lomthetho kuthiwa ngu Act 43 ka 1983. |
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Ulawulo lomthi i Prosopis luzinze phezu kwesithethe esithi kungcono ukukhusela isibi singangeni kunokunyanga isibi esele singenile.
Apho lomthi usaqalayo ukungena endaweni kudla ngokuthi xa imeko ivuma kufumile, incothulwe imithana ye Prosopis ngesandla. Imithana esemincinci inakho ukukhutshwa ngebospeki, ize imithi esele ikhulile igawulwe okanye isarhwe isiqobo esishiyekileyo sikhutshwe ngepeki nemihlakulo. Khukho enye indlela yokubulala i Prosopis ekuthiwa xa ibizwa yi Biological control, kulendlela kusetyenziswa indalo ukuba mayi sebenzele uluntu, umzekelo ekulweni i Prosopis, kusetyenziswa ooqongqothwane abatya imbewu ye Prosopis ukuba mabayibulale imithi iseyi mbewu ingekantshuli. Aba qongqothwane batya iqokobhe lembewu baphumele embewini bayitye iphele. Phofu ke lendlela yokusebenzisa izinambuzane ithathwa ukuba yenye yendlela ezincedisayo ingekuba kuxhonyekekwe kuyo yodwa ziingcali. |
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Malunga nendlela yokutshiza ngethyefu lento kuthiwa ngesi ngesi yi
chemical control, iingcali zithe emva kophando ezi laboratory zeza nechiza ebizwa nje nge Tordon. I Tordon itshizwa apha esikhondweni somthi iwutye ngokucothayo ide iwubulale.
Kuye kufumaneke iziphumo ezithembisayo xa umthi we Prosopis uthe wagawulwa emazantsi kufutshane neengcambu, ize sithi isikhondo esishiyekileyo sitshizwe nge Tordon ihle ngesikhondo iwubulale uphele umthi. |
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Enokuba kusetyenziswa i mechanical control oko ukuthi izembe nesarha, enokuba kusetyenziswa amachiza, kufuneka amaqhakuvana omthi la aye antshule kukhule omnye umthi, abulawe aphele ukuhla ukuya kutsho kangange sentimita ezisibhozo phantsi komhlaba,
ukwenzela ukuba kunga phinde kubekho umthi okhulayo.
Umfama unento ezimbini anokukhetha kuzo, ukuba makalwe ingozi yomthi iProsopis isaqala ingekanwenwi, azokuqinisekisa ikamva eliqaqambayo malunga naye isiqu kwakunye nemfuyo yakhe, okanye ayeke i Prosopis yande itye eyonanto elixabiso encedana naye oko kukuthi umhlaba wakhe. |
AJ Wild & CG du Plessis
ELSENBURG / Umnyango wezengcebiso
wase BEAUFORT WEST nase LAINGSBURG
