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I arc welding Afrikaans | English

Click to enlarge!		 Lento kuthiwa yi welding, yindlela ekuthi kudityaniswe iintsimbi ezimbini, zenziwe zibe yintsimbi enye. Kulomsebenzi kusetyenziswa umbane ukuba mawenze idangatya elishushu kangangokuba likwazi ukunyibilikisa intsimbi. Intsimbi ukuze idityaniswe nenye, kufuneka zombini zibe kwiqondo lobushusu eliphakame kakhulu. Lentsimbi izakudityaniswa nenye kuthiwa yi mother metal xa ibizwa ize icingo eli linyibilika bubushushu lisetyenziswa kwi welding kuthiwe yi electrode. Ubushushu be arc welding, bunyibilikisa intsimbi ebesithe yi mother metal ne electrode. Zakuthi zakuphola ezintsimbi, zibeyinto enye edibeneyo.

Click to enlarge!		 Phambi kokuba kubekho iwelding, kufuneka kubekho indawo ezakunika umbane. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomashini bokwenza iwelding. Omnye usebenzisa idirect current, omnye usebenza ngokwe alternating current.

Click to enlarge!		 Imishini esebenzisa i alternating current idla ngokuba loluhlobo lusebenza nge transformer kanti oluhlobo luyi direct current, ludla ngokuba luhlobo lwe generator.

Umfama ukhetha njani umshini omakawuthenge:

Zininzi iintlobo zoomashini ezifumanekayo.

Ukuze kubekho amathuba wokuba kungenziwa iwelding kufuneka ezi zinto:

  • Umashini kufuneka udityaniswe nendawo enombane oqinisekileyo ongazukumane uphela.
  • Icingo ekuthiwa yi welding cable kufuneka lidityaniswe ne electrode.

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  • Elicingo lizasekusebenza njenge Earth kufuneka lidityaniswe nelinye elingasemva komashini we welding.

KHUMBULA: Ukuba ufumene umashini ongabhalwanga cala lika work okanye lika earth, loonto iyakuthetha ukuba ungasebenzisa neliphi kuloo macingo.

Click to enlarge!		 Masijonge indlela yokwenza iwelding. Ukuze umntu akwazi ukwenza iwelding ngempumelelo, kufuneka ezi zinto zibalwe apha:
  • I electrode elungileyo.
  • Ubukhulu be electrode kufuneka buyilungele le ntsimbi kuzakusetyenziswa kuyo.
  • Kufuneka umbane ungqale udirect current angayoku dityaniswa no alternating current.
  • Idangatya le arc welding kufuneka licuthwe okanye linyuswe lilungele lentsimbi lizakusetyenziswa kuyo.
  • I electrode xa kusenziwa iwelding, ibanjwa ngendlela ethile, ukuba ayibanjwanga ngale ndlela ibhalwe encwadini, idangatya alibilihle kwaye ielectrode ayivuthi kakuhle kwaphinda iyakhawuleza nokuphela.

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  • Isantya ekuhanjiswa ngaso i electrode ye welding phezu kwentsimbi edityaniswa ngewelding sibalulekile, ukuba i electrode iyatsalwa kusenokubakho iintanda sele umsebenzi ugqityiwe, kwaphinda i electrode akufuneki imane iphakanyiswa xa isele ithe nca entsimbini.
  • Umsebenzi ozakudityaniswa nge welding, kufuneka ulungiswe ngethuba.

Click to enlarge!		 Masikhe sijonge i electric current. Xa amandla e electric current ephantsi kubakho inkathazo yokuba i electrode itshele apha kule ntsimbi idityaniswayo ngoba idangatya elikhoyo liphantsi kwaye ne electrode iyabanda. I welding ezakuphuma kwi electrode ebandayo izakuba liqhuma elingqukuva elingabukekiyo. Kwakhona xa i electric current iphezulu kakhulu,kubakho ubushushu obugqhithisileyo, iintsimbi ezi kuzanywa ukuzidibanisa ngewelding, ziya nyibilika, kutaka iintsimbi ezishushu ezinyibikileyo. Intsimbi enyibilikileyo ayinakho ukudibana nenye.

Ndaweni yokuba iintsimbi zidibane, zisuke zibenemingxunya engafuni ukuvaleka ithethe loonto ukuba akukho welding yenzekileyo.

Ozeke kusithiwa i electric current iwulungele umsebenzi, kuzeke kuthethwa ukuba loombane uyifanele lentsimbi uzaku setyenziswa kuyo kwaye awuzukutshisa imother metal, awuzu kwenza i electrode ibeshushu ngapha kwemfuneko itsho nge welding enyibilikayo, kwaye akuzubakho i welding embi engqukuva, engadibananga kakuhle.

Ngokwesiqhelo kudla ngokuba kuthwe amandla ombane makabe yi 3.25 mm (no 10) electrode i amps zona zibe phakathi kwe 80 ne 135.

Click to enlarge!		 Ubude bedangatya le arc welding kufuneka bulungiswe ngokumane umntu ekrwela i electrode phezu kwale ntsimbi izakudityaniswa akhangele ukuba idangatya elizakuphuma apho lizakubangakanani. Idangatya elilungileyo, liba lifutshane kwaye litsho nge welding edibene kakuhle. Xa idangatya lilide,liyenza i welding ingabambi yenze amadangatya, kwaye ishiya intsimbi ebidityaniswa irhabaxa. Idangatya elifutshane lenza ukuba i electrode itshele kule ntsimbi idityaniswayo, lendawo ibidityaniswa, ibarhabaxa.

Xa kusenzwa iwelding ehlayo nentsimbi, kufuneka idangatya lingadluli ubukhulu be electrode. I welding apho kudityaniswa i welding ebizwa ukuba yi over welding, kufuneka ibe nedangatya elincinci, elifutshane , ukwenzela ukuba intsimbi le idityaniswayo ingatshi iphele.

Click to enlarge!		 I angle ebanjwe ngayo i electrode kufuneka ibe yi 40degrees ukuya kwi 45 degrees ukuqinisekisa iwelding entle emtyibilizi.

Click to enlarge!		 Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba intsimbi okuzakusetyenzwa ngayo ilungiswe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenzwe ngayo.

WD Simpson
ELSENBURG / Isikolo sokufundisa