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Unkcenkceshelo Afrikaans | English

Click to enlarge!		 Ukncenkceshelo eMzantsi Afrika lwaqala mhla kwafika uJan van Riebeeck ukuba lusetyenziswe ezityalweni.

Unkcenceshelo xa lucaciswa kwezolimo, kukugalelwa kwamanzi abaliweyo, emhlabeni ngenjongo yokuba lamanzi makayoku fikelela ezityalweni eziwadingayo. Ngamanye amazwi inani elilungileyo lamanzi ngexesha elilungileyo ngokwe mfuno yesityalo.

Iindlela ezikhoyo zokunkcenceshela singathi zihluke kathathu, indlela ekuthiwa yiflood irrigation system, indlela ekuthiwa yi movable irrigation systems, nohlobo ekuthiwa yi stationary irrigation systems.

Masikhe siqwalasele ezindlela zokunkcenceshela nganye nganye, sikhangele amanqaku alungileyo nangalunganga kuhlobo ngalunye lokunkcenkceshela.

Click to enlarge!		 Flood irrigation systems: kulendlela yokunkcenceshela amanzi ayavulelwa ukuba abaleke phezu komhlaba amanzise umhlaba. Umzekelo yindlela apho kuye kwakhiwe iibedding ize amanzi akhokelwe ukuba makangene abaleke kule bedding okanye avalelwe phambi kwe bedding okanye emva kwayo. Ezona zizathu singazibalula ezincomekayo kulendlela yokunkcenkceshela nazi:

Akusetyenziswa mitshini etya amafutha okanye umbane Isityalo asifunyanwa ngamanzi, into echutha amathuba esifo samagqabi okanye seziqhamo.

Le ndlela yonkcenkceshelo inazo noko iimpawu ezimbi, ngoluhlobo: Maninzi amanzi anokumoshakala xa imisele yamanzi ingalungiswanga kakuhle okanye ingenamntu uyigcina emgangathweni.

Enye into oluhlobo lokunkcenkceshela lunomsebenzi omninzi odinga izandla.

Click to enlarge!		 Movable irrigation systems: ezi ziintlobo zokunkcenkceshela ekune mitshini ehambayo ngelixesha amanzi esasazeka emhlabeni. Imizekelo yalento kuthethwa ngayo yinto ekuthiwa ngesingesi yi pivot irrigation nento ekuthiwa zi micro jet. I micro jet ithumela amanzi ngomjelo omncinci kakhulu ntonje ophuma ngamandla, ngolohlobo amanzi akamoshakali, xa kunkcenkceshelwa nge micro jet. Nangona ezindlela zimbini ipivot ne micro jet zingena msebenzi ofuna amandla, ziyabetha ngokwexabiso.

Click to enlarge!		 Static systems: Ezindlela xa zicaciswa ngesixhosa, zindlela zokunkcenkceshela ezikhupha amanzi ziwase ezityalweni ngelixesha zime ngxi.

Click to enlarge!		 Imizekelo yilanto kuthiwa si sprinkler kwakunye naleya kuthiwa micro irrigation system. Iimitshini yokunkcenkceshela ekuthiwa yisprinkler iphinde ihlulwe kabini, kubekho ekuthiwa zipermanent systems nekuthiwa zi movable sprinkler systems. Ababukeli nabaphulaphuli bayakunyamezela, amagama asetyenziswa kumsebenzi wezolimo inkoliso yawo asuka phesheya, kwaye afika apha emzantsi afrika aguqulelwe kwilimi lesibhulu, kungoko siwabiza ngesingesi kodwa ke maze kungabikho xhala yonke into iza kucaciswa ngesixhosa. Indlela yokunkcenkceshela ekuthiwa yipermanent system, imibhobho ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela enyakeni, ima ngxi endaweni enye, ukusukela lemini kwaqaliswa ukunkcenkceshela, de kuphinde kunethe iimvula iphele imfuneko yokunkcenkceshela. Kwezindlela zokunkcenkceshela ekuthiwa zi movable irrigation systems, imibhobho iyasuswa kwindawo ebikuyo ibekwe nokuba kuphi, kukho imibhobho edityaniswayo iphinde itonculwe ngokukhawuleza ekuthiwa xa ibizwa zi quick -coupling pipes,kunemibhobho erhuqwayo, ekuthiwa zi drag lines ize kuphinde kubekho iimpompo ezigibisela amanzi umgama omde oku kwenkanunu, negama lazo kuthiwa zicannon pumps.

Nangona imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela engahanjiswayo okanye eme ndawonye ibiza imali eliqela kunezinye iindlela, inophawu olulungileyo, ayikhathazwa ngumoya nje ngezintlobo zemibhobho abangamanga ndawonye.Enye into lemibhobho ingemanga ndawonye, ibekwa kwindawo yonke, inento yokwenzakalisa izityalo, ngeli xesha ifuduswa.

Click to enlarge!		 I micro irrigation systems ziphinde zohlulwe kabini, kubakho idrip irrigation systems kuphinde kubekho imicro irrigation systems. Ezintlobo zokunkcenkceshela zohluka kwezinye ngento yokuba zona zithatha amanzi ziwagalele kancinci kodwa rhoqo ecaleni kweengcambu zesityalo. Zifika zohluke kwezinye iintlobo zonkcenkceshelo ezigalela amanzi ngaphezu komhlaba ngezinto ekuthiwa zi sprinklers. Xa kusetyenziwa ii micro irrigation systems, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii filters ezithembeke kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba zinga valeki yinkunkuma, okanye umhlaba, nezinye izinto ezinokuthi zivale imibhobho. Nangona iidrippers zingakhathazwa kwaphela ngumoya, impatho yazo ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zona zinkcenkceshela indawana encinci kumhlaba olinyiweyo.

Umbuzo kengoku olandaleyo ngowokuba loluphi uhlobo lokunkcenkceshela emalikhethwe ngumfama.

Click to enlarge!		 Uhlobo lokunkcenkceshela oluzakusetyenziswa kwifama nganye kunzima ukulikhetha, ngenxa yokuba imashini ezinizi zokunkcenkceshela zilunga kwintlobo ezininzi zomhlaba. Zininzi izinto ezibalulekileyo xa kukhethwa indlela yokunkcenkceshela, njengo didi lomhlaba, uhlobo lomhlaba oluzakunkcenkceshelwa,lomhlaba uzakunkcenkceshelwa uneqhina okanye uyehla okanye umthebelele, yintoni isityalo esizakulinywa, bangaphi abasebenzi abanokufumaneka abanokwenza lomsebenzi wokunkcenkceshela, owona ubalulekileyo; yimalini imali anayo umfama anokuhlawula ngayo xa ethenga. Kodwa ke kwaphinda omnye umbuzo ngowokuba wena mfama loluphi kanye uhlobo lokunkcenkceshela olubona lungcono kunamanye lulendawo yakho ujonge ukufama kuyo, nolubona ukuba lungakusebenzela. Uyakungqinelana nam mphulaphuli ukuba into yokukhetha uhlobo lokunkcenkceshela oluzakusetyenziswa ngumfama ludinga ukuba umfama ayokufuna amacebo kwiingcali, ngaphambi kokuba athenge.

Click to enlarge!		 Emva kokuba ulukhethile uhlobo lonkcenkceshelo ozakulusebenza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela indlela oluzakufakwa ngayo. Ukuba uzakusebenzisa uhlobo olufunisa ukuba ubenemibhobho ebaleka ngaphantsi komhlaba, qiniseka ukuba imibhobho yakho imbelwe nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba ingafumani monakalo xa kusetyenzwa ngomhlaba. Ngaphezulu kubalulekile ukuba imibhobho ifakwe ngokokwe miqathango nemilinganiso ebhalwe ngulamzi mveliso ebekuthengwe kuyo imibhobho. Impompo zokucutha ipressure nezokukhokhela amanzi abheka emacaleni kufuneka zi ngabisendleleni, kwaye zipeyintwe ngepaint enombala ogqame kakhulu ukwenzela ukuba zingagiliswa zizithuthi. Elinye icebo kukuba nezikhuni okanye iipali ezalathisa ukuba ihamba phi imibhobho efakwe phantsi komhlaba.

Click to enlarge!		 Enye into ebalulekileyo lulondolozo lwezixhobo zonkcenkceshelo, ngoba intsimbi nemibhobho yokunkcenkceshela, zidalelwe ukuba zihlale zisebenza kakuhle de isityalo esinkcenkceshelwayo sivunwe.

Ezi izinto kufuneka zenziwe nakanjani:

  • Iimpompo ezivuzayo kuneka zilungisiwe,
  • iirubber kulemibhobho idityaniswayo kufuneka zitshintshwe, 
  • ezigugileyo zilahlwe kufakwe ezintsha, iipolythene pipes zee micro systems kuneka zipulwe rhoqo.

Kukho umbuzo ozivelelayo phantsi kwayo yonke into egqiba kuthethwa: kufuneka ndinkcenkceshele kangakani? Kufuneka ndinkcenkceshele nini?

Click to enlarge!		 Undlela lula, kukumba umngxuma kulomhlaba ufuna ukuwuqonda, uzivele ukuba ufume kangakanani. Zikhona into ekuthiwa zi sensors ezidalelwe ukuba zibale ubumanzi bomhlaba kodwa mna ndingakucebisa ukuba udibane nomcebisi wezolimo okufutshane akuncede.

FH Koegelenberg
ELSENBURG / Injineli zolimo