| Information sheets | | | Elsenburg infopaks | | | Izilwanyana, imphatho: 3 |
Ukudidanisa izilwanyana ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa umhlambi
Afrikaans | English
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Xa kuthethwa ngokunyuswa komgangatho wemfuyo, kuthethwa ngokudityaniswa kwenkunzi ekudidi oluphezulu nemazi ekwa kudidi oluphezulu kuzovela isizukulwana esingcono nangaphezulu kwiimpawu ezithile ezibalulekileyo. Indlela eyenziwa ngayo lenkqubo yokuphuhlisa umgangatho, kukuthi xa amatakane elunyulwa ekuncanciseni konina akhethwe la akhengeleka esemgangathweni abekwe ecaleni ize la angathi abuthathaka asiwe emarikeni okanye axhelwe.
Ukunyuka komgangatho wemfuyo ayiyonto eyenzeka okombane njengokutshintsha kwengca nezityalo xa kukhe kwana emva kwesomiso umntu afike yonke lanto ibigqolile iluhlaza yonke. Into yokunyuka komgangatho wemfuyo ithatha ixesha kodwa ke lsisigxina umthetho lo wayo. Zonke iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo esilwanyaneni zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ukunyuswa komgangatho wemfuyo kuyakhawuleza xa kusetyenziswa iinkunzi zodidi oluphezulu. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba inkunzi inika isiqingatha segazi layo etakaneni xa libunjwa. Ingabekwa ngoluhlobo indlela esebenza ngayo indalo. |
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Xa sikhumbula ukuba inkunzi enye ikhwela iimazi eziyi 30 ukuya kweziyi 50 ngenyanga yokukhwela sakubona ukuba inkunzi inegalelo elikhulu esizukulwaneni samatakane. Esizukulwaneni semazi ezingamashumi amahlanu, anamatakane azelwe wodwa, angengo mawele, sifumana ukuba inkunzi igalelo layo ngamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini ngelixesha elemazi lisisinye ekhulwini. |
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Ngokudibanisa iimazi ezikumgangatho noko ophantsi neenkunzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuyenzeka ukuba emva kwezizukulwana ezine amatakane abe sele enyuke umgangatho athatha phantsi zonke iimpawu azifumene kwiinkunzi ezingoyise. (umahluko emfuyweni ubonakala kakuhle xa kudityaniswe imazi eneminyaka emihlanu nenkunzi eneminyaka emithathu, kulapho sifumana into ekuthiwa yi generation interval esetyenziswa ngabafuyi abavela ezikolejini needyunivesithi zolimo ukukhawulezisa inguqu emgangathweni wemfuyo.)
Ukuncedisana neemizamo yokuphuhlisa umgangatho wezilwanyana kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela izilwanyana zodidi oluphezulu. Xa kunyuswa umgangatho wezilwanyana makungalingwa iimpawu ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Ukuba kulungiswa udidi loboya lwegusha makungajongwa udidi lwenyama, kuphinde kujongwe enye into. Gqiba engqondweni ukuba ufuna isilwanyana esinjani udibanise emva koko imazi nenkunzi ezinezi mpawu uzifunayo. Izilwanyana ezingenazo ezimpawu ozifunayo, mazithengiswe okanye zixhelwe. Umfuyi weegusha okanye iibhokhwe udla ngokushiya isiqingatha semfuyo yakhe ukuze anyuse inani lemfuyo yakhe kunyaka olandelayo. Ixesha elilungileyo lokukhetha izilwanyana ezizakugcinwa okanye ezizakusiwa emarikeni kuxa zilunyulwa koonina, kuzeke nge loxesha kukhangelwa ubukhulu bomzimba. Ngexesha lokukhetha, kukhangelwa iimazi ezingaphezu kwe minyaka esibhozo, ezizele kathandathu, iimazi ezinengxaki emibeleni, kwakunye nezinye iingxaki eziqapheleka lula ziyakhutshwa emhlambini. Iimazi ezingathathiyo emva kokudibana nenkunzi kuthi kufika ixesha lokukhetha sele kudala zishenxisiwe zayokuthengiswa okanye zaxhelwa. |
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Kubalulekile ukuba xa kukhethwa izilwanyana, kukhethelwe iimpawu
ezinengeniso njengobuninzi benyama efumanekayo, uboya obufumanekayo, nobisi olufumanekayo kwisilwanyana ngasinye. Kwiigusha zenyama nohlobo lebhokhwe ekuthiwa yiboerbok iimpawu ezikhangelwayo, yimveliso yenyama, nokuzala amatakane amaninzi.
Kwibhokhwe zobisi kubalwa ilitre zobisi ezehliswayo yimazi kwakunye nokuzala. Kwiigusha zoboya kubalwa udidi lwoboya, ubuninzi boboya, kwakunye nokuzala kwegusha. Uphawu esikhethelwa lona isilwanyana kufuneka ibe yinto esinakho ukuyibala. Umfama onenjongo yokufuya iigusha zenyama umzekelo akanakuhlala ngaphandle kwesikali sokukala ubunzima bezilwanyana. |
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Phofu ke azizizo zonke iimpawu ezikhethelwa zona izilwanyana eziye
zifuzwe zizizukulwana zazo. Ezinye iimpawu ezifana nokuvelisa inyama, ukuvelisa uboya nokuvelisa ubisi ziyaphumela kakhulu ematholeni namatakane ezilwanyana kodwa ke uphawu olufana nokuzala alufuzeki kakhulu. Izilwanyana eziza kufuyelwa ukwandisa umhlambi nezilwanyana eziza kunyusa umgangatho wemfuyo kufuneka xa zikhethwa kuqwalaselwe ezimpawu zigqiba kukhankanywa. Xa kukhethwa izilwanyana kufuneka konke ukukhubazeka okunje ngamabele angonelanga amabele ajonge ecaleni azakusokolisa itakane xa lisenyisa, umlomo obuthathaka ozakwenza isilwanyana singatyi kakuhle umqolo obuthathaka, amanqina abuthathaka, ezo zilwanyana zingagcinwa zithunyelwe emarikeni. Emva koko kungandulwa ukukhetha izilwanyana zodidi.
Indawo ezitya kuyo izilwanyana inegalelo ekuvezeni kwazo iimpawu ezintle. Xa isilwanyana sifumana ukutya okungengekho mgangathweni asikwazi kufikelela kumgangatho esasi dalelwe wona. |
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Enye into isilwanyana kufuneka siqhelaniswe nendawo esifuywe kuyo. Lilonke laanto yokuba xa unyusa umgangatho wemfuyo faka igazi elitsha ngoku thenga izilwanyana ezintsha ayisiso isisombululo ngamanye amaxe sha. Izilwanyana zalondawo sele ziyiqhelile indawo yazo kwakhona zinempawu ezithile ezilungileyo. Ezimpawu zithi zifuzwe ngamathole namatakane kuvele izilwanyana zomgang atho ophezulu.
Xa kudityaniswa izilwanyana ezizalanayo sithetha nge inbreeding. I inbreeding yenza ukuba kuvele isizukulwana esibuthathaka. Xa kudityaniswe izilwanyana ezinga zalaniyo kuvela nto ekhunyushwa ukuba yi hybrid vigour into edala ukomelela ezilwanyaneni, kwakunye nemveliso engcono. Le hybrid vigour into nje embi ngayo iphelela kwi sizukulwana sokuqala ayifuzeki. Ukulwa ukuba i inbreeding ingenzeki iinkunzi mazingadibani neemazi emhlambini ozihambela emadlelweni wodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini. Emva kweminyaka emibini kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba inkunzi idludle iimazi ide izokufika kwiintombi zayo selezizimazi. Isiqhelo sesokuba ekhulwini, amashumi amathathu enkunzi athengiswe kuthengwe iinkunzi ezintsha. |
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Umthetho wokhetho lwezilwanyana xa kufuyiwe, lento kuthiwa ngesilungu yi selection isebenza ngokuba asithathi ezona zilwanyana zibalaseleyo asithathi ezona zilwanyana zibuthathaka, sithatha izilwanyana eziphakathi. Kukho izilwanyana ezivelisa kakuhle, ezinye zingavelisi kakuhle sisoloko sikhetha eziphakathi. Xa siqala ukwakha umhlambi kucacile ukuba sifuna ezibalaseleyo. |
TS Brand
ELSENBURG / Iziko Lophando Nzulu
