Home: INFORMATION PACKS
Ukubotshwa kweedonki namahashe okusebenza
Also available in English | Afrikaans
Iindlela zokubopha
Zintathu iindlela zokubopha eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Eyokuqala yile yokusetyenziswa kwentambo yasesifubeni. Le ntambo yasesifubeni isisixwexwe sebhanti ejikela apha ngaphambili esifubeni, ize ke ihambe iye kudityaniswa kwenye ibhanti okanye kwezinye iibhanti ezimbini ezigangxwe apha emagxeni - ikholisa ukudityaniswa ngekhonkco eliyiringi. Iintambo zokutsala, ezenziwe ngethwathwa elisicaba okanye ngetsheyini eligqunywe ngophayiphu othambileyo, zinxityelelwa apha kule ringi, zihambe ziye kutsho koluya luthi luphaya ngemva kudla ngokuthiwa yidyokhwe yeedonki. Yona ke le dyokhwana inxintyelelwa phaya kuloo nto yolimo kusetyenzwa ngayo okanye ekarini leyo itsalwayo. Uphando olwenziweyo lubonakalisa ukuba xa ingekho le dyokhwana zaza iintambo ezi zokubopha zaya kunxityelelwa ngqo kuloo nto yolimo kusetyenzwa ngayo okanye phaya ekarini, ukutsala akuhambi kakuhle ncam, kuba kaloku phaya zidityaniswe khona nento etsalwayo ziqine kakhulu, into ke leyo eyenza ukuba kungabikho nobundyengelele obukhoyo. Xa into yokulima etsalwayo itsalwa zizilwanyana ezibini iidyokhwana ezi zinokudityaniswa ngento eza kukwazi ukuzenza zidibane ngokulungeleleneyo, ize ke ibe yiloo nto eza kuya kunxityelelwa phaya kwinto etsalwayo. Olwesibini uhlobo lwendlela yokubopha kukusetyenziswa kwekhola yokubopha. Olu hlobo lwentambo yokubopha luwafanele kakhulu amahashe okutsala ikari amakhulu azizigxuda, kwaye ke apha kulo amandla okutsala akasuki esifubeni, koko wona asuka emagxeni. Iintambo zokutsala zinxityelelwa kule khola zisuke ziye kudityaniswa phaya kulaa dyokhwana yangemva. Ngelishwa ke kambe olu hlobo lwentambo yokubopha luyikhola ngokobungakanani bayo ilungiselelwe ukusetyenzeswa kwisilwanyana esinobukhulu obuthile, into ke leyo ethetha ukuba ayikwazi ukusebenza nakwesinye esingalingani nesi ibilungiselelwe sona. Xa le khola ingangeni kakuhle esilwanyaneni inokusenzakalisa isilwanyana, kwaye ke isilwanyana asikwazi ukutsala kakuhle xa sisiva buhlungu xa sitsala. Olwesithathu uhlobo lokubopha kukusetyenziswa kwesalana yokubopha. Kolu uhlobo ke kuye kusetyenziswe isalana ethi ibekwe apha emqolo esilwanyaneni, kuze ke kubekho iirholithi ezimbini eqiniswa ngazo, enye yeyasesifubeni enye ibe yeyasesiswini. Le salana yona ayinxityelelwa kwiintambo zokutsala, koko inxityelelwa phaya kwidesilbhoma yekari.
Iirholithi
Zonke ke ezi ntambo zokubopha zikhankanyiweyo zisenokuba neerholithi ezinxityelelweyo kuzo, ezithi zihambe ziye kujikela phaya ngemva ehasheni okanye edonkini. Kukholisa ukuba kubekho iirholithi ezimbini: enye ehamba iye kujikela phaya ngemva kwakunye nenye ejikela emqolo. Le rholithi iya ngemva ke akufuneki ukuba inyuswe kakhulu ide iye kutsho phaya esibunwini sesilwanyana; kanti ke akufuneki nokuba ithotywe kakhulu ide iye kufika phaya emisitsheni yasemibalweni. Le rholithi ke isebenza njengebriki (isiqhoboshi) kuba xa ikari isima inqandwa yiyo ukuba ingayi kungena esilwanyaneni.
Ubuninzi beentambo zokubopha ezikhoyo kule mihla ezisetyenziswa kukhuphiswano zikholisa ngokudibanisa zonke ezi ntlobo ngeentlobo zeentambo zokubopha. Ngelishwa ke kambe ezi zona iintambo neekari, nakubeni ziyifanele imiboniso, zithanda ukubhida kakhulu, kwaye zixhomile nangamaxabiso ukuba zingade zithengwe nangabantu abaneedonki okanye amahashe okutsala abawasebenzisela nje ukuziphilisa ngawo, kwizinto ezifana nokuthutha amanzi okanye iinkuni okanye ukulima iifama zabo ezincinane. Kubo kufuneka nje iindlela zokubopha ezingasokolisiyo. Kambe ke igosa lolimo linokuthi nje ngokuziqwalasela iintambo ezifakwe kakuhle kula mahashe likwazi ukuba namanakani endlela ezifanele kufakwa ngazo ezi ntambo zokubopha.
Zininzi iinkcazo ngeenkcazo ezikhoyo malunga needlela zokubopha ekufuneka ziqondiwe.. Okokuqala, iintambo zokubopha ezifanelekileyo amandla okutsala ziwathwala ukusuka esilwanyaneni esitsalayo ziwase ngqo kuloo nto yolimo okanye kuloo kari siyitsalayo ngendlela esebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, umzekelo, kunokuqatshelwa ukuba iirholithi ezi azilingani macala omabini ngobude bazo, into ke leyo eyenza ukuba ukutsala kwesilwanyana kungalungelelani. Kufuneka umntu aqinisekise ukuba akukho ndawo zitsolo apha ezirholithini okanye apha kwidesilbhoma, kuba ezo ndawo zinokwenza ingozi. Intambo yokubopha efanelekileyo akufuneki indyengezele kakhulu, kuba xa injalo iyasityabula isikhumba sesilwanyana, isenze sibe nezilonda. Kananjalo akufuneki nokuba ibe neendawo eziphotheneyo, koko kufuneka ithi ncwaba kakuhle apha kwiingqolo zomzimba. Akufuneki nokuba into ezenziwe ngayo ibe yinto elukhuni elugodololo, koko kufuneka ithambe.
Intambo yokubopha akufuneki ukuba iqine kakhulu, kuba loo nto ingakuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi eliya ezihlunwini. Kananjalo kufuneka isilwanyana ingasenzi singakwazi ukuphefumla okanye ukuthunda okanye ukulahla iingqatha.Iintambo zokubopha akufuneki ukuba apha ngaphantsi entanyeni zimqinise uqhoqhoqho okanye zicinezele umthovutho apha ecaleni entanyeni. Iintambo zokubopha kufuneka zibe nobubanzi ngokwaneleyo, kunjalo nje zibe nento ezigqumileyo, zize kukwazi ke ukuba amandla okutsala zingawacuki kwindawo enye, koko ziwenze asasazeke gabalala. Ibaluleke kakhulu ke le nto kuba kaloku xa iintambo okanye iirholithi ziyimidzalukana enciphileyo zingasisika isikhumba sesilwanyana. Indlela ezenziwe ngayo iintambo zokubopha kufuneka izenze zikwazi ukuba zihlale kwezi ndawo zinezihlunu apha emzimbeni, zingayi kuhlala emathanjeni agqunywe nje lufele. Izihlunu ziba yimfumbulo yokuthintela izilonda. Ubunzima bomthwalo akufuneki buyicinezelele phantsi le ngingqi yasesinqeni okanye intamo, kuba kaloku ezi zindawo ezi-ethe-ethe ezingenamathambo omeleleyo okuba akwazi ukuxhasa. Macala omabini apha emqolo kukho izihlunu ezibini ezomelele kakhulu, apha kanye emva kwamagxa apho kukho iimfumbulo zezihlunu ezintle ekukho namathambo omeleleyo okuxhasa phantsi kwazo. Le ke yeyona ndawo ikufanele kakhulu ukumelana nobunzima.
Iidonki namahashe zibila kakhulu. Umbilo oye waqokelelana apha phantsi kwentambo yokubopha udala izilonda apha esikhumbeni. Iintambo zokubopha kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezingakuthinteliyo ukujika kombilo ube ngumphunga. Umzekelo, ukugqunywa kweentambo zokubopha ngeplastikhi akufanelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba umbilo uzibolisa iintambo zokubopha, kufuneka ukuba le nto zenziwe ngayo ibe yinto eyomeleleyo nekulula ukuyicoca. Iintambo zokubopha kufuneka zicocwe kube kanye ngeveki ubuncinane, okanye nangaphezulu, ukuba ngaba umbilo sowude womela apha kuzo okanye ukuba ngaba zinodaka. Iintambo zokubopha ezenziwe ngethwathwa kufuneka zimane ukuthanjiswa ngee-oyile zamathwathwa, kwaye ke kufuneka zihlale zithambile kunjalo nje zomile.
Iintambo zokubopha kufuneka kube lula ukuzifaka ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kunokuba bhetele kakhulu xa zingenamakhonkco maninzi afuna ukuqhotyoshwa nokukhululwa, kuba kaloku xa kunjalo ababophi baye babhideke, bazifake ngendlela engafanelekanga. Kufuneka iintambo zokubopha kube lula nokuzikhulula. Ikari kufuneka ilungelelaniswe kakuhle (xa kubekwa umthwalo), ngakumbi ukuba zezi zinamavili amabini. Ukuba ngaba bonke ubunzima bomthwalo buye kuhlala phaya phambili ekarini, idonki okanye ihashe liza kuhlalwa apha emqolo bobo bunzima, into ke leyo eza kulenza lingakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla alo ekutsaleni ikari. Kanti ke ukuba ngaba bonke ubunzima bomthwalo buye kuhlala phaya ngemva apha ekarini, busenokuyinyusa idonki, ijinge emoyeni! Ubunzima bomthwala kufuneka buhlale apha phezu kwamavili kanye.
Imikhala neentsinjana zayo kufuneka zisilingane kakuhle isilwanyana. Le ntsinjana yomkhala ingena emlonyeni kufuneka ubude bayo bube ngaphezulu ngesentimitha enye kububanzi bomlomo wedonki. Kufuneka ifakwe ngendlela eza kuyenza ingawabethi amazinyo esilwanyana, kwaye xa ingene kakuhle iikona ezi zomlomo ziza kuba bushwabana, zibe namajwethe. Kweli cala layo lincinane kufuneka ukuba intsimbi yomkhala yasemlonyeni ibe yisentimitha enye ubuncinane. Kukho ke apha emkhaleni nalo mtyana ujikela ngaphantsi kweqeba lehashe okanye ledonki. Kufuneka ungaqini, koko ube nobundyengelelana obufanelekileyo - kufuneka umntu akwazi ukuba angayifaka iminwe emibini usakuba ubotshiwe, kungenjalo ungathanda ukusikhama isilwanya xa sithe sankqwila. Iintambo ezi zomkhala kufuneka ukuba zilingane macala, kwaye ezi ntambo ziphakathi kwezi donki zimbini okanye la mahashe mabini kufuneka zibe nde ngokwaneleyo, ukwenzela ukuba iintloko ezi zazo zikwazi ukushukuma. Makungabikho ndawo apha emkhaleni yenza ukuba isilwanyana singakwazi ukuphefumla okanye ingena emehlweni aso. Ukuba ngaba idonki okanye ihashe libotshwe kakuhle, zibe neentambo zokubopha zicocekile, zihleli kakuhle, loo nto ilenza lisebenze kakuhle ngaphandle kokuthundezwa.
CME McCrindle
ELSENBURG / ONDERSTEPOORT
