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Umhlaba wethu oxabisekileyo
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Umhlaba ngentetho eqhelekileyo udla ngokubizwa ngeakile, ngemokolo, ngehektare njalo njalo. Elona gama liqhelekileyo, xa kuthethwa ngomhlaba, leli le hektare. I hektare enye ilingana nqwa nebala lebhola ekhatywayo okanye lerugby, ubukhulu balo buyi 10,000 ye square metres.
Ukugalelwa kwe sichumisi (ifertilizer), okanye umlinganiselo wamanzi ekufuneka kunkcenkceshelwe ngawo kubalwa ukuba umntu makagalele ubuninzi obunga okanye ubunzima obunga kwi hektare nganye. Xa kulinywa isityalo sithi imbewu okanye izityalo mazigalelwe kanga, ihektare nganye.
Inani lezilwanyana elifuyiweyo kwi hektare nganye, okanye isivuno esifumanekileyo kwi hektare nganye idla ngokuba sisalathiso sokuba umhlaba uchume kangakanani.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zomhlaba ezikhoyo umzekelo umhlaba olidongwe, oyiloam nomhlaba oyi santi.
Umhlaba wesanti
Isanti izinkozo ezinkulu ezibonakala ngemehlo lenyama, isanti ikhukhuliseka lula ngumoya namanzi. Isanti isebenzeka lula kwaye yenza iseedbed elunge kakhulu xa ithwele imbewu entshulayo okanye izityalo ezincinci. Imihlaba yesanti ayikwazi ukugcina amanzi kwaye ayidli ngokuchuma.
Umhlaba wodongwe
Umhlaba wedongwe uzinkozo ezincinci ezihleli zinobumanzi okwenza ukuba mazihleli zibambene. Ezinkozo zithi xa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zolimo ezifana nekhuba zitshele kubenzima ngolona hlobo ukulima okanye ukuhlakula. Xa udongwe lomile lwenza amagada amakhulu asebenzeka nzima neseedbed eyenziwe ngomhlaba wodongwe ayidli ngokulunga. Umhlaba wedongwe uwafunxa nzima amanzi uraxwa lula ebusika entshona koloni ngexesha leemvula ezinzima.
Umhlaba we Loam
Ngowona mhlaba uthandwayo kwezolimo ngenxa yokuba awunazo zonke ezimpawu zingathandekiyo zifumaneka kumhlaba wesanti nowedongwe. Umhlaba weloam usebenzeka lula, ufunxa amanzi lula, wenza iseedbed elungileyo, kwaye unenkangeleko entle ingathi zinkozo.
Ukuba umntu angemba umngxuma ehle umganyana aze avele ecaleni aqwalasele, uyakuqaphela ukuba kukho umahluko njengokuba kusihliwa; imibala yomhlaba iyohluka, kubunzulu obuthile umhlaba uba zinkozwana kubunzulu obuthile uba ngamatye njalo njalo.
Lemigangatho ihamba isahlukana ngemibala nobungqoqo kuthiwa esingesini xa idityaniswa yi "Profile" yomhlaba oko kukuthi ngumfanekiso womhlaba ngokuhla nokwahlukana kwemigangatho. Xa kusenziwa izifundo malunga nee" profile" zomhlaba kuthiwa umntu wenza izifundo ze "morphology" yomhlaba.
Umzekelo laamhlaba ungaphezulu kulinywa kuwo kuthiwa xa ubizwa kwezolimo ngumngangatho wekhuba. Ngezantsi kwalomgangatho kuye kubekho umgangatho wodongwe ongenaxabiso kwezolimo kuthiwa yi pot clay profile loonto ithethe ukubaludongwe olufanele nje ukumbiwa luthengiselwe abazobi babumbe imisebenzi abanokuyithengisa (art work). Udongwe lwangaphantsi akufuneki ludityaniswe nolangaphezulu. Ezindidi zodomngwe azidibani kakuhle kwaye zenza iseedbed engalunganga.
Ukuraxwa komhlaba yinto evamileyo. Umhlaba omanzi nomhlaba oraxiweyo uthanda ukuba khona ebusika entshona koloni, xazeke kukho amanzi angaphezu kokuba umhlaba ukwazi ukuwafunxa, okanye ukuwagqithisa, isizathu idla ngokuba ziimvula ezina ngamandla.
Esinye isizekabani ludongwe olumanzi kakhulu lude lushinyane ludla ngokubalapha phantsi komhlaba wangaphezulu, ngange ndlela oshinyene ngayo umhlaba amanzi ayoyiswa kukungena emhlabeni.
Esinye isizathu sokuraxwa komhlaba ngamanzi, ngamanzi azibalekelayo athi apha endleleni yawo adlule phezu kwedongwe ehle nalo athi akufika ezityalweni avale umoya zingakwazi ukuphefumla.
La manzi achola udongwe uzeke esuka emijelweni yokunkcenkceshela okanye emadamini onkcenkceshelo.
Ayikho enye indlela yokusombulula ingxaki yokuraxwa komhlaba ngamanzi nodongwe ngaphandle kokuba umntu enze indlela yokohlukana namanzi angafunekiyo. Ukufunxwa komhlaba ngendlela yokwenza umjelo okanye isloti esibaleka amanzi, imibhobho yokufunxa ebaleka ngaphantsi komhlaba, okanye ukwenziwa kweeseedbed ngamacebo adla ngokusetyenziswa gempumelelo.
Enye ingxaki eqhele ukufumaneka emhlabeni yinto yokuba umhlaba ube brak. Umhlaba xa kuthiwa ubrak uzeke ugcwele iityiwa ezininzi ezinyibilikayo zakudibana namanzi. Lengxaki ifumaneka kakhulu kwiindawo ezine mozulu eyome kakhulu, iindawo ezifana neOudtshoorn neVredendal.
Isikakhulu imeko yokuraxwa komhlaba ngamanzi amileyo ibasendaweni engakwazi ukudreyina amanzi nemihlaba esemathambekeni.
Ukuba umhlaba wokuqala esithilini yayingumhlaba okanye amatye anetyuwa eninzi, iyakuhleli ikhona ingxaki yobubrak bomhlaba. Ukunkcekceshela ngamanzi anetyiwa eninzi , namanzi wemisele nokufaka isichumisi esininzi kuyayidala imeko yomhlaba obrak.
Inye indlela yokuphucula umhlaba obrak, umhlaba kufuneka ufunxwe kakuhle umhlaba unkcenkceshelwe ngamanzi acwengileyo azokuhlamba ityiwa emhlabeni.
Emva kwethutyana umhlaba ulungiswa, kungathathwa iisample zomhlaba ziyokuxilongwa zingcali kukhangelwe ukuba uphuculwe kangakanani.
Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uxilongwe ziingcali phambi kokuba kugalelwe isichumisi.
Ukuxilongwa komhlaba kwenziwa elaboratory. Iziphumo zengxilongo zichaza iacid esemhlabeni ukuba ininzi kangakani, umhlaba ubrak kangakanani, nobuninzi bezimbiwa ezidingwa sisityalo sonke ukuze sikhule kakuhle. Ukushwankathela singathi ukuxilongwa komhlaba kunika umntu ulwazi lokuba angaqikelela ukuchuma komhlaba phambi kokuba alime kuwo.
Umzekelo xa umfama eneziphumo zengcali ebixilonge umhlaba, uyayazi, ikalika emakayigalele emhlabeni one acid eninzi ukuwuphucula, ziphinde iziphumo zengcali zimkhokhele ukuba makagalele isichumisi esingakanani ukukhlisa izityalo azilimileyo.
Umhlaba ekukhiwa kuwo iisample zomhlaba wokuxilongwa ngulo mgangatho kulinywa kuwo. Xa kukhiwa iisample zomhlaba ekuzakulinywa kuwo imifuno nezityalo ezikhula ngonyaka omnye kuhliwa kangange sentimita eziyi15 ukuya kwi25 (malunga nobunzulu bomhlakulo). Yonke isample kufuneka ikhiwa kwindawo ethile apha entsimini, ngoba imihlaba iyohluka endaweni eakileni nganye. Umcebisi wezolimo okufutshane angakucebisa ngalomba. Umcebisi wolimo ikwanguye umntu onokusela iisample zakho zomhlaba kwii Laboratory zase Elsenburg.
Emva kokuba umhlaba uxilongiwe, iziphumo zithunyelwa kumfama ikopi ithunyelwe kumcebisi mafama walongingqi, ukwenzela ukuba abenokucebisa ngcono.
Xa usikha I sample yomhlaba mayingadluli kwikilogram enye, ifakwe eplastikini ecocekileyo ukuze kungabikho nto enokudidisa iingcali, izenze zikhuphe iziphumo ezingekhoyo. Nika ilaboratory iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo malunga nezityalo ezizakulinywa, nobuninzi bamanzi okunkcenkceshela.
CP de L Beyers
ELSENBURG / Nitrophoska
